PC 236.1(c)(2)

Human trafficking of minor for sex by force

Information on the crime of human trafficking of a minor for sex by force is found at California penal code section 236.1(c)(2).

PC 236.1(c)(2) Law (Abbr.)

PC 236.1(c) A person who causes, induces, or persuades, or attempts to cause, induce, or persuade, a person who is a minor at the time of commission of the offense to engage in a commercial sex act, with the intent to effect or maintain a violation of Section 266, 266h, 266i, 266j, 267, 311.1, 311.2, 311.3, 311.4, 311.5, 311.6, or 518 is guilty of human sex trafficking of a minor.

The district attorney will add additional penalties when the offense involves force, fear, fraud, deceit, coercion, violence, duress, menace, or threat of unlawful injury to the victim or to another person (236.1(c)(2).

In determining whether a minor was caused, induced, or persuaded to engage in a commercial sex act, the totality of the circumstances, including the age of the victim, his or her relationship to the trafficker or agents of the trafficker, and any handicap or disability of the victim, shall be considered.

PC 236.1(c)(2) Definitions

Coercion includes a scheme, plan, or pattern intended to cause a person to believe that failure to perform an act would result in serious harm to or physical restraint against any person; the abuse or threatened abuse of the legal process; debt bondage; or providing and facilitating the possession of a controlled substance to a person with the intent to impair the person’s judgment.

Commercial sex act means sexual conduct on account of which anything of value is given or received by a person.

Deprivation or violation of the personal liberty of another includes substantial and sustained restriction of another’s liberty accomplished through force, fear, fraud, deceit, coercion, violence, duress, menace, or threat of unlawful injury to the victim or to another person, under circumstances where the person receiving or apprehending the threat reasonably believes that it is likely that the person making the threat would carry it out.

Duress includes a direct or implied threat of force, violence, danger, hardship, or retribution sufficient to cause a reasonable person to acquiesce in or perform an act which he or she would otherwise not have submitted to or performed; a direct or implied threat to destroy, conceal, remove, confiscate, or possess an actual or purported passport or immigration document of the victim; or knowingly destroying, concealing, removing, confiscating, or possessing an actual or purported passport or immigration document of the victim.

Forced labor or services means labor or services that are performed or provided by a person and are obtained or maintained through force, fraud, duress, or coercion, or equivalent conduct that would reasonably overbear the will of the person.

Great bodily injury means a significant or substantial physical injury.

Minor means a person less than 18 years of age.

Serious harm includes any harm, whether physical or nonphysical, including psychological, financial, or reputational harm, that is sufficiently serious, under all the surrounding circumstances, to compel a reasonable person of the same background and in the same circumstances to perform or to continue performing labor, services, or commercial sexual acts in order to avoid incurring that harm.

The total circumstances, including the age of the victim, the relationship between the victim and the trafficker or agents of the trafficker, and any handicap or disability of the victim, shall be factors to consider in determining the presence of “deprivation or violation of the personal liberty of another,” “duress,” and “coercion” as described in this section.

PC 236.1(c)(2) Sentence & Punishment

Probation Sentence: A probation sentence is period of supervision instead of a prison sentence. Probation sentences carry conditions of probation, or terms of probation, that must be followed in order to avoid further punishment, including an actual prison sentence. A probation sentence for PC 236.1(c)(2) is called felony probation and is supervised and monitored by a felony probation officer. Probation sentences for the crime of human sex trafficking of a minor by force (PC 236.1(c)(2)) are available, but not guaranteed. Whether or not a defendant will be granted probation sentence on any PC 236.1(c)(2) conviction depends largely on the facts of the case and the defendant's criminal history.

Sex Offender Registration: If found guilty of lewd and lascivious acts on a minor under 14 (PC 288(a)), the defendant will be ordered to register as a sex offender pursuant to PC 290. For more information please see sex offender registration requirements.

Consent by a victim of human trafficking who is a minor at the time of the commission of the offense is not a defense to a criminal prosecution under this section.

Mistake of fact as to the age of a victim of human trafficking who is a minor at the time of the commission of the offense is not a defense to a criminal prosecution under this section.

Sex Crimes Criminal Defense Attorneys

909.913.3138

PC 236.1(c)(2) Human Trafficing of Minor by Force

Free Discreet Consultations 24hrs / 7days

Se habla español - Abogados de defensa criminal

All Misdemeanor & Felony Sex Crimes, Including

Sex Crimes Defense Attorneys, Serving

San Bernardino County

San Bernardino, Fontana, Redlands, Ontario, Rancho Cucamonga, Victorville, Yucaipa, Hesperia, Colton, Chino, Highland, Upland, Montclair, Rialto

Riverside County

Riverside, Moreno Valley, Eastvale, Corona, Norco

Related Crimes